What is the CEFR: English Levels Explained A1 to C2

If you’re learning English or teaching it, you’ve probably heard of the CEFR. But what is the CEFR, and what do its levels mean? The CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) is a global standard used to describe language ability on a scale from A1 to C2. This guide provides English levels explained in simple terms — with clear examples of what learners can do at each stage and what progress looks like. Each level also includes “Can do when completed” goals so you can measure learning outcomes more easily.

What is the CEFR Explained Simply

The CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) is an internationally recognized standard for describing language proficiency. Developed by the Council of Europe, it is used to measure and compare language levels across different countries and systems. The CEFR divides language ability into six levels — from beginner (A1) to proficient (C2) — making it easier for learners, teachers, and employers to assess communication skills. You can learn more at coe.int.

What is CEFR? A Quick Guide for you

What is the CEFR: A1 – Beginner

At A1, learners are just starting to use English in simple ways.

Key Features:

• Understand and use very basic words and phrases
• Introduce yourself and others
• Ask and answer simple personal questions (age, nationality, where you live)
• Interact in a basic way when the other person speaks slowly and clearly

Can do when completed:

• Greet people and introduce yourself
• Talk about yourself (name, country, family)
• Understand short written texts like signs or basic forms
• Ask for simple things (food, directions)

CEFR Levels: What They Are and How to Test Yourself

What is the CEFR: A2 – Elementary

Learners at A2 can understand basic everyday expressions and communicate in simple tasks.

Key Features:

• Understand common phrases related to shopping, work, or directions
• Communicate in simple and routine situations
• Describe your background and immediate environment

Can do when completed:

• Take part in simple conversations on familiar topics
• Write short messages or notes
• Understand basic spoken instructions
• Ask and answer questions in a structured setting

Increase your level from B1 to C1 fast!

English Levels Explained: B1 – Intermediate

At this level, learners can deal with day-to-day situations and talk about familiar topics.

Key Features:

• Understand the main points of clear speech on work, school, or leisure topics
• Produce simple connected text on topics of interest
• Describe experiences, events, and plans

Can do when completed:

• Join work or school conversations with some confidence
• Write emails, reports, or stories on familiar subjects
• Understand TV shows or news when spoken clearly
• Give opinions and explanations on familiar topics

How to increase from B1 to B2 English

English Levels Explained: B2 – Upper Intermediate

Learners at B2 can communicate effectively in most everyday and workplace situations.

Key Features:

• Understand main ideas of complex text or technical discussions
• Interact with native speakers with less effort
• Express opinions clearly on a range of subjects

Can do when completed:

• Take part in meetings and express your views
• Write essays, formal emails, and summaries
• Understand films, presentations, or interviews
• Argue a point or support ideas with examples

Test your English with our free level assessment here! 

A1 to C2: C1 – Advanced

C1 learners can use English confidently in work, study, or social situations.

Key Features:

• Understand a wide range of demanding texts and conversations
• Use language fluently without much searching for words
• Express complex ideas clearly and well-structured

Can do when completed:

• Lead meetings, give presentations, and negotiate
• Write detailed, well-organized reports or academic papers
• Read complex texts and understand implied meaning
• Use English flexibly in different settings

A1 to C2: C2 – Proficient

This is the highest CEFR level. C2 users can communicate with near-native fluency and precision.

Key Features:

• Understand almost everything heard or read
• Summarize information from different sources
• Express yourself spontaneously, precisely, and smoothly

Can do when completed:

• Communicate effectively in any context (academic, social, or professional)
• Handle detailed discussions or abstract topics
• Produce complex written content with ease
• Adapt tone, style, and structure for any audience

About the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR)

Final Thoughts: English Levels Explained A1 to C2

So what is the CEFR? It’s a useful tool to set goals, track progress, and choose learning materials that match your level. With these English levels explained, from A1 to C2, you can better understand your language ability — and what comes next.

Ready to improve your CEFR level? Sign up with Learn Laugh Speak and start learning English at your perfect level today.